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This paper is about the transformations of Brasília which became the administrative capital of Brazil in 1960 and was planned in accordance with the “Chart of Athens”. Many changes occurred since the beginning of this new town. The large heterogeneity of the Federal District as a whole must be underlined. The paper deals with the impact of these social transformations on the urban space. The initial dream of town planners, “a rational urban design leading to the creation of a new society and of new human beings”, did not become reality. Urban planning is not an efficient tool for social changes. Brasília is still unable to survive without a substantial support from central government.