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In his writings of the war, Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) offers a historical, a philosophical and a theological interpretation of the situation created by the outbreak of hostilities. It falls at the crossroads of his reflections on the history of Christian ethics and on Germany’s future political configuration in the light of the “famous” concert of European nations. The way Troeltsch takes to distinguish the religious dimension of the war of the Gospel of Christ shows how the vision inherited from Barth and German theology of the war, more or less uniform, is too simplistic and doesn’t allow us to notice theological and ethical debates that have been forged during the first world conflict.