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After contextualizing the expansion in Central Andean exports and the place occupied by export crops, this article sets out to reassess the issue of the labor system in the most technologically modernized haciendas. The documentation consulted shows that the status of labor did not undergo transformation there, forming a major obstacle to the development of capitalism in the Andean countryside. Basically, capital and technology seem to have adapted to the traditional forms of exploiting human energy, and the resulting hybridization of forms of work continues to influence the present-day status of workers there.