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The use of urine-based fertilizers (UF) in agriculture is promising. Its potential is examined here from the point of view of the agricultural world, drawing on a qualitative survey of 24 farmers in the Ile-de-France region and of institutional stakeholders, to whom several UF were presented together with various valorization scenarios. Even though famers adopt many different stances, all stress the importance of reliable organization and marketing for UF production. They also consider pilot sectors to be a prerequisite for adopting this practice, indicating the need to set up demonstrators today.