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‪Coastal areas are laboratories for the study of public land policies. The Basque coast is original – notably on agricultural issues – and its unique structuring offers insight into the question of estimating land values and the political side of their regulation. Under various influences, public land actors are redefining their fields of intervention and relations. This goes beyond farming or land issues and poses the more transversal question of the institutionalization of the Basque country from a different angle. A systemic analysis makes it possible to examine these processes and their future perspectives. Agricultural policy, a local development model and the institutional form best able to implement them will need to be defined so that public authorities can regulate local land markets.‪