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Regionalism is a multidimensional phenomenon that draws from history, culture, economics, and politics. Following decades of ideological and institutional uniformity, Poland at the beginning of the 1990s was free to start the processes of regionalization. The European Union’s cross-border cooperation policy is regarded as a key instrument in promoting regional integration and identity. Poland is a major beneficiary of the EU cohesion policy and the evaluation of the effectiveness of its implementation demonstrates positive outcomes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of regionalization and the development of regional or local identities in the Polish western border areas. These territories were formed after the Second World War as a result of the shifting of the German-Polish western border. After the phase of Polonization and national homogenization, in 1990 the process of reconstruction of the regional identity within the framework of the European integration process was implemented.