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This paper puts forward an analysis of the incentives and development policies toward service activities as they are settled by French Chambers of Commerce and especially by the Lille Chamber of Commerce. We seek to improve our understanding of the place and role of these Chambers of Commerce in local economic development. We then demonstrate that if the policies and actions introduced by Chambers of Commerce (and especially by that in Lille) are numerous and diverse, the neo-industrialist conceptions that still dominate these institutions, especially in the metropolitan industrial tradition, may limit the process of expansion in the service sector. However, as regards the Lille Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and especially since the mid-2000s, the emergence of a more positive vision of services should facilitate the integration of this metropolis into the urban system of successful regions.