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Gérard Simon’s work relates simultaneously to two areas: science, in the modern sense of the term, and forms of knowledge, that is learning, or what is held to be learning, whether non-scientific, pre-scientific, or para-scientific. This paper analyzes possible connections between these two areas from the point of view of the historical order of succession and that of cognitive content brought together into various doctrinal systems. With this in mind, the paper examines the clues that emerge in many of Gérard Simon’s writings and that it is instructive to consider jointly. The conclusion is that there is no unique and characteristic model of the connection between science and forms of knowledge.