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Iron deficiency is a very common complication in patients with a digestive cancer, especially in those treated with chemotherapy, who are more likely to develop anemia. The negative consequences are numerous and include fatigue, changes in skin appendages, and mood disorders, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. Despite this, iron deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated in oncology. Each patient with a digestive tumor should at least be given a ferritin blood test and have their transferrin saturation level assessed, enabling iron deficiency to be identified and its evolution after treatment to be ascertained. In cases of absolute iron deficiency, but also in cases of functional iron deficiency associated with anemia, the administration of intravenous iron supplements is recommended. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are also required here. Injectable iron increases hemoglobin levels, improves quality of life, and reduces red blood cell transfusions, with excellent tolerance. Although it has been demonstrated that treating iron deficiency without anemia in chronic heart failure patients is beneficial, randomized prospective studies are lacking when it comes to recommending a similar approach in oncology.