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Thanks to the contributions of child psychoanalysis, reviewing the concept of narcissism leads us to think that in its classical understanding it is the fruit of a complex transformation stemming from the perceptions integrated in the soma during fetal life as a combined emergence of the life and its permanence. The parental function of thinking gives the infant the possibility to invest external objects from different natures linked to this primitive model. When it is impossible to establish this link, the libido turns back in the direction of previous shapes to ensure survival. Narcissism then appears as a mechanism of oscillation between the external and internal world, which allow psychic envelopes to be maintained.