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Diesel engines emit particles into the atmosphere at the time of combustion. Inhalation of these particles leads to an increase in the incidence of cardio-respiratory diseases and reduces life expectancy. For some years now, several auto makers have developed technologies that limit particle emissions from diesel-engine vehicles. This study shows that the health benefits substantially outweigh the costs involved in the installation of particle filters on new vehicles. It would therefore be of benefit to society if it were made compulsory to equip all new vehicles with particle filters, with priority given to heavy trucks.