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Popper always expressed his admiration for Schlick’s Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre (1918), but he was much more critical with the positions adopted afterwards by the latter in Vienna. Popper rejected altogether the interpretation of scientific theories as mere instruments for inferring singular statements, as well as the linguistic « turn », the positivistic elimination of metaphysics and of course the “ principle of verification ”. Besides, Popper as well as Schlick were decisive in the famous debate concerning the « empirical basis ». I try to explore very briefly the intricate story of that exemplary philosophical debate.