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Starting from the necessity to rectify, to overcome the uncertainties, the insufficiencies of Capital, J. Bidet has spent the last thirty years elaborating an ambitious general theory of modernity, a “metamarxism.” The mainstay of this attempt at “reconstruction” is the original category of “metastructure.” This category is based on the market-organization pair (borrowed from Marx); however, it is defined and developed within the framework of contractualist political philosophy and the language paradigm. But through this theoretical undertaking of “refounding of Marxism,” which assigns to language a determining role, the scope and the signification of Marxian materialism are lost.