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On October 29, 2017, the president of the Kurdistan region, Massoud Barzani, addressed a letter of resignation to the Kurdish parliament. Despite his resignation, Barzani remains the main interlocutor of Baghdad, the countries of the region, and above all the international community. Moreover, since the outbreak of the protest movement on October 1, 2019 and the “discord” in Iraq between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran in January 2020, the great powers have turned to Erbil and Barzani, to a certain extent deserting Baghdad. In this context, Iraqi Kurdistan once again has become an indispensable partner not only for the United States, European countries, China, and Russia, but also for Iran, Turkey, and the Gulf countries. With a fully autonomous system, the Kurdistan regional government operates as a state within a state and not as a federated entity within a sovereign state.