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The relationship between democratic transition and women’s breakthrough in political governance is a prolific object of research in the political literature. The results, however, are divergent. For some, democratic transition fosters the evolution of the place of women in the institutions of political power. For others, there is not necessarily a link between these two phenomena, and the transition may sometimes even be detrimental to the representativeness of women. Our research, which focuses on Tunisia between 2011 and 2016, proceeds according to three rationales: a statistical analysis of the gendered evolution of political power since the fall of Ben Ali’s authoritarian regime; a sociographical study of women in decision-making positions; and an examination of the perceptions of these same women elites about their place in the new political scene. The comparison of the results of our quantitative and qualitative study shows that, despite a positive quantitative evolution within government and parliament, as well as a sociological diversification of these women politicians, the latter very often judge the democratic transition negatively in terms of women’s representation.