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The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the future of globalization, a process that has shaped the world economy over the past three decades, pushing countries to specialize in what they can do best and letting the market guarantee the best price for everyone. This new virus, which spread from the Hubei region of China in early 2020, quickly interrupted production chains across the world. The scale of this pandemic and the ensuing slowdown of the world’s production have raised concern, once again, about the market’s capacity to absorb large-scale shocks and get the economy back on a path to growth.This contribution’s aim is to show the central role of political and economic institutions, as well as endogenous technological change, in responding to the present crisis. After taking a historical perspective and offering some recent examples from the health crisis, this article returns to the dynamics that structure the global market, showing that by evolving they lead to a redeployment of globalization.