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Risk management is a necessity for a health and health insurance system, in particular when facing a health crisis like COVID-19. The choice of whether or not to use evolving scientific knowledge in decision-making, depending on the level of knowledge available, is something decision-making models must consider in relation to risk management, and health risks in particular.This research is based on qualitative analysis of data from bibliographic research and groupings by item corresponding to the main theoretical models used in decision-making analysis. The aim is to assess those models’ capabilities to grasp a health crisis through data from a health and health insurance system in France, on the one hand, and systems abroad on the other.In relation to the French system, the decompartmentalization tools of the three main models considered here are found to be inadequate. In the international context, however, a new decision-making model that is more rational and adjusted for the biases observed in bureaucratic and political models is proposed, in order to better respond to the challenges linked to managing crisis in the health and health insurance system coupled with an epidemic crisis. Managing an epidemic requires a health and health insurance system that is up to the task.