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In the past, Eastern European economies have enjoyed a relatively high level of scientific and technological activity. This level is now declining because of the scarcity of financial resources. Yet, capacities remain even if they are poorly organized and managed. In this context, there is room for substantial improvement by means of technology transfers. However, the results can by no means be considered satisfactory. This paper reviews the position in three countries (Croatia, Hungary, and Poland) with respect to technology transfers and points out the many factors limiting their scope and effectiveness.