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The story of gender and Holocaust research—now closely linked with the study of sexuality—is a story both of Holocaust research, its new archives, and new evidence examined, and of the intellectual evolution of gender studies, often in activist settings. These intellectual developments can be divided into three stages, which are indicative of broader socio-political, as well as women/gender/sexuality research, contexts. The first stage encompasses the initial impetus of historical works from the early 1980s till the late 1990s, when the field gained academic legitimacy with publications by scholars such as Joan Ringelheim and the first edited volumes centering women. The second phase was characterized by the application of the category “gender” in Holocaust research, with attention to sexual violence, perpetrator research, disability, and masculinity. In the third, most recent stage, the changes in our understanding of “gender” and gendered phenomena in Holocaust research reflect the ascent of sexuality studies, and specifically queer and, recently, trans studies, and the new questions that have been generated through these theoretical developments.