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The French public hospital has undergone profound change due to reforms inspired by ideas promoted by New Public Management, with real pressure on performance. But it can create an unfavorable context for well-being at work: the economic logic being able to oppose the logic of the care. This article questions the consequences on work overload, role conflicts, loss of meaning and ill-being. The empirical research adopts a qualitative approach and was carried out with a sample of midwives in public hospitals. The first results show a deterioration in the working conditions of midwives, with significant consequences in terms of ill-being at work but also in terms of quality of patient care.