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The original decolonization process pursued in New Caledonia since the Matignon Agreements (1988) and the Nouméa Accord (1998) is characterized by political and constitutional arrangements designed to recognize social pluralities and the emergence of a citizenship of “common destiny” transcending divisions between communities. The legislative proposals include the search for national symbols, to express, according to the terms of the Nouméa Accord, “the Kanak identity and the future shared by everyone” as an indication of citizenship. This interdisciplinary contribution aims to link our analyses in order to discuss our ethnomusilinguistic interpretation of the New Caledonian anthem’s conditions of emergence, with the aim of understanding its linguistic, musical and glottopolitical characteristics.