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A fertility assessment is carried out to find out what is preventing a natural conception in the absence of proven infertility. It involves assessing the woman’s ovarian reserve, looking for anomalies in the uterus, and potentially also looking at tubal pathology. The aim of the assessment is to prevent infertility and to provide advice on conception plans, such as the optimal time to conceive, recommendations on when a specialist consultation should be arranged if pregnancy does not occur, and on the benefits of fertility preservation. The assessment consists of a pelvic ultrasound and/or an anti-Müllerian hormone assay, preferably when the woman is under the age of 35. It must sit alongside the provision of clear and accurate advice that is personalized but also aimed at the general public, with the specific goal of educating young men and women about the limits of human reproductive physiology.