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Iron deficiency is very common in chronic kidney disease, even before the dialysis stage. It is an independent factor of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. In patients with chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency is defined by a transferrin saturation 100 μg/L). Despite this, iron deficiency is usually not investigated: over 60% of nephrologists do not assess iron status at least once a year. Iron deficiency is also rarely treated, with only 12% of patients prescribed oral or intravenous iron. Early detection and treatment are fundamental and should be done routinely. To help improve the management of iron deficiency among patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, we propose an algorithm that takes into account current recommendations and the most recent data from the literature. The initial blood tests should measure hemoglobin concentration, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. A transferrin saturation <20% establishes the diagnosis of iron deficiency and the serum ferritin level points toward an absolute or functional deficiency. The combination of both values makes it possible to adapt treatment, particularly in an inflammatory context where oral iron is not effective.