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Introduction. Therapeutic patient education (TPE) is gaining importance in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to assess how TPE can contribute to knowledge acquisition about CKD and renal replacement therapy, as well as how it can help to guide patients toward a personalized choice of treatment. Materials and methods. Patients with a minimum stage 4 CKD were prospectively included between November 2016 and February 2020. We offered TPE sessions on CKD and its treatment to all patients. We explained the theoretical part using a slideshow about the definition of end-stage kidney disease, its symptoms, and the various methods of renal replacement therapy. A “basket” of essential material to illustrate a session of hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) was used to achieve the practical part of the study. Data was collected using two questionnaires: the first one, at the start of the session, included the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and evaluated their level of basic knowledge; the second one, at the end of the session, assessed the evolution of their knowledge after TPE, leading to a therapeutic choice. Results. The mean age of the 211 included patients was 55.59 years old (SD = 15.47). The male-to-female ratio was 0.73. The level of education was low in 69% of patients, and 23.7% of these patients were “employees.” The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was between 15 and 30 ml/min in 56.8% of the patients. Initial nephropathy was known in 60% of patients, while the stage of CKD was unknown in 66.4%. Before TPE, around 29% of patients had a good level of overall knowledge, rising to 73% after TPE. A significant correlation was found between the level of education of the patients and their knowledge score before and after TPE. The choice of renal replacement therapy was taken for PD, TR, and HD respectively in 36%, 19%, and 11.8% of the cases, while 33.2% asked for time to think. Elderly and/or less educated patients most often remained undecided, and those who were young and/or educated preferred TR. During the follow-up period, 46% of patients started renal replacement therapy (36.5% started HD, 8.1% PD, and 1.4% KT (kidney transplantation)). The choice made by our patients was respected in 42% of the cases: in all the patients who chose HD, in 36% of those who chose PD, and in 19% of those who chose KT. The final therapeutic choice was strongly linked to the following parameters: age, GFR, and level of education. Conclusion. This study highlighted the insufficient level of patient information about CKD and its treatment and enabled the patients to express their choice of replacement therapy, which is a complicated process that must integrate the opinion of the nephrologist and the patient’s preference in order to lead to optimal organization of the selected treatment.