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This article sheds light on the process of constructing and transforming expectations related to the welfare state through the lens of a dynamic approach to non-take-up of social benefits combined with the concept of sense of entitlement. Such an approach emphasizes that the capacity to activate social rights evolves according to the interactions between the public’s individual or biographical characteristics and the framework of social policies and the terms and conditions of their implementation. The article is based on a series of qualitative studies conducted within different social services in French-speaking Switzerland.