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Health literacy (HL) is the ability of individuals to access, understand, and use health information to improve their health. It is a multidimensional and contextual concept, whose definition has been enriched over time. Considered both as a health risk factor and a skill to be developed by individuals, HL also depends on the health care system within which patients have to navigate, and on health care professionals’ awareness of this concept. In order to promote shared decision-making and thus individual empowerment in health care, HL should be at the core of the concerns of nephrology care teams.