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The article analyzes why activists of Ûman ribu (Women’s Liberation Movement) were reluctant to use the pill, in contrast to the situation in France at the same time. One specificity of the movement in Japan is the choice of an alliance with disability activists to initiate a reflection on the issue of eugenics. This attitude reflects the context of long struggles against pollution (Minamata disease), and the existence of a law on eugenics (Yûsei hogo-hô) that authorizes abortion since 1948. The denunciation of eugenics is at the heart of this movement and remains current. The analysis of these seemingly paradoxical positions leads us to a better understanding of the concept of sexual morality among Japanese feminists, based on the idea of shared responsibility for contraception between men and women, and of how they build their autonomy.