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Introduction: The subject of this article is the discovery of tooth-size discrepancy at the end of treatment. Lack of diagnosis is the source of this type of setback. Materials and method: It is not easy to diagnose tooth-size discrepancy during a clinical examination, and the compensations it generates mask it, especially if it is associated with other dysmorphoses. The use of indices, the best-known of which is Bolton’s, enables diagnosis with the setup, a pre-treatment model that also has many other prognostic uses. Results: Once tooth-size discrepancy has been considered, it can be resolved by adapting dental volumes, either by subtraction or addition. Conclusion: Advances in computerized diagnosis with artificial intelligence are opening up new avenues for the systematic diagnosis of tooth-size discrepancy.