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The discourse on patient participation and on the development of cooperation between health professionals and users has been increasing recently. It suggests that our health systems are in transition between two eras: The first was the recognition of the experiential knowledge of patients; the second, announced to be imminent, would be that of a systematization of reflexive cooperation of all types between patients, groups of patients, and professionals. Through bibliographic and bibliometric analyses in biomedical publications, this article aims to objectify this intermediate situation. Three investigations were deployed for this purpose: (1) Identification of publications indexed by the keywords “participation,” “involvement,” and “engagement” in the PubMed biomedical bibliographic database; (2) meta-analysis showing the relationships between these terms and others that are also close to the idea of reflexive cooperation; (3) a lexical analysis of these publications using a corpus gradually expanded to a file of the French School of Advanced Studies in Public Health (EHESP) and the content of the Journal of Participatory Medicine to compensate for the virtual absence of publications on collective cooperation.