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There is renewed interest in the use of medicinal plants. This is related to the toxicity of chemicals, the high cost of chemical drugs, and the remoteness and/or inadequacy of health centers, especially in rural areas. The general objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of the essential oil of the leaves of Erigeron floribundus, which is used in traditional medicine in Côte-d’Ivoire. The essential oil yield of Erigeron floribundus leaves ranges from 0.16% for fresh leaves to 0.31% for dried leaves. The physical and chemical indicators of these essential oils are in accordance with the quality criteria for essential oils set out by the Afnor standard. The antifungal effect of the two types of essential oils was highly significant on the fungal strains tested, in particular Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus fumigatus, with a lesser effect on Candida albicans. This study thus scientifically validates the traditional uses of extracts of the plant Erigeron floribundus in traditional medicine.