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Making use of the results of a qualitative survey conducted in hospitals, this research deals with the participation of users within the health system. The analyses carried out highlight various forms of participation and co-production approaches implemented in establishments in collaboration with users, sometimes going beyond the regulatory obligations in terms of respect for individual and collective rights. However, these analyses also show that these approaches remain highly localized according to the specific contexts of the establishments. They also demonstrate the need to meet the challenge of going beyond local contexts and developing social innovation approaches, in particular by utilizing codesign.