Causation, effectuation, improvisation, and entrepreneurial action. For a renewed and integrative approach to entrepreneurship
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76
The work on effectuation has significantly enlivened research in the entrepreneurship field. Initially positioned in opposition to causal approaches, this work has exhibited the presence of effectual logic, as well as various other kinds of logic. In this article, the authors propose to consider these operative logics through the lens of entrepreneurial action (Schmitt 2015) which includes these logics, as well as improvisation, but which also goes beyond them in order to explain the behaviors of entrepreneurs in the short and medium term. Indeed, the perspective of entrepreneurial action allows us to better understand not only these behaviors, but regional or national entrepreneurship, as well as the question of time and collective logics in the entrepreneurial dynamic. For instance, in the latter case it takes into account stakeholders, as well as the ecosystem, in order both to situate and distribute entrepreneurial action among several parties.
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