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As a major public health issue, chronic somatic illnesses are among the difficult life events that most often have adverse emotional, or even psychopathological, repercussions on the overall functioning of patients and their families. In order to limit the adverse effects of chronic somatic illness on their physical and psychological well-being, people with this type of illness develop different coping strategies, depending on psychosocial, dispositional, and environmental determinants. Among these determinants, psychological resources can enhance and maintain well-being and adapted functioning in various difficult situations. This article provides a review of the psychological resources that have been most extensively investigated in the case of chronic somatic illnesses, with the aim of identifying the roles and functions of these resources and highlighting their direct and indirect effects on individual well-being.