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While the comparative study of the use of hallucinogens in different cultures has led many observers to defend a culturalist approach to the psychedelic experience, the ways in which the characteristics of hallucinations are shaped by social factors have so far been little explored. Based on data collected during an ethnographic survey conducted in the Peruvian High Amazon, we recently proposed some initial ways to shed anthropological light on the foundations of this dynamic, which we refer to as the “socialization of hallucinations.” This article explores the neurocognitive implications of these ethnographic observations and anthropological modeling. It is a first attempt to evaluate what the neuroanthropological approach can bring to our understanding of hallucinatory phenomena and the psychedelic experience.