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Today, both science and the media present hypnosis as an effective therapeutic adjuvant in healthcare and medical practice. This credibility marks a clean break with the image of illusion and psychological manipulation. After briefly defining hypnosis and presenting its underlying psychological mechanisms, this review tackles the matter of false memories. Particular interest is paid to hypnosis and its implications for the retrieval of past events. Some therapeutic approaches favor hypnosis as a technique for reviving lost memories. This conception has also spread to the legal system. However, the effects of hypnosis on memory retrieval have largely been refuted. A considerable body of experimental data shows that suggestions, beliefs, and expectations are liable to increase false memories, whether the participant is in a waking or hypnotic state. Ultimately, these studies enrich our knowledge of cognitive functioning. Hypnosis is now emerging as an interesting tool to help us understand the complex relationship between various cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and consciousness. Moreover, these studies contain elements of reflection, with a view to increasing practitioners’ vigilance regarding the conditions of use of suggestive therapeutic techniques, with or without hypnosis.