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Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are common in the general adult population, and their prevalence increases with age. The vast majority of these cystic lesions are intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN). This discovery is usually incidental, and the lesions are most often small (less than 10 mm). The management of these cystic lesions is complex because some PCLs are precancerous lesions (IPMN, cystic mucinous tumors) or have the potential to develop (pseudopapillary and solid tumors or cystic neuroendocrine tumors), while others are benign and require neither monitoring nor surgery. Knowledge of these cysts and the diagnostic tools available is essential to identify the lesions with the greatest risk of cancer and to propose appropriate management.