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This article highlights the evolutions within the TC model since their comeback as part of the five year plan initiated by Didier Jayle. (2005 – 2011) This revival made it possible to rethink the TC model by integrating advances in addiction treatment, particularly in harm reduction by breaking away from the authoritarian and sectarian approach of the past (e.g. Le Patriarche). This new wave of CTs place the group at the heart of the therapeutic process, designed as a space for experimenting different relationships, benevolent confrontation and self-help. These programs value experiential knowledge, peer support, counseling and a recovery approach. Power and decision making are shared between professionals and residents, in a collaborative approach that promotes self-determination and empowerment.