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Based on data from the survey on professional relationships and business negotiations (REPONSE) led by the DARES and the Statistics on Resources and Living Conditions Survey (SRCV) led by the INSEE, this article explores the impact of equality policies and changes in the union sphere on women’s engagement since the late 1990s. Despite a relative feminization of union members, women were still under-represented in trade unions in 2010. In a legislative context that now requires women to be included in various spheres of activity (particularly political and militant) and the strengthening of the model of multiple union mandates, the article reports an ambivalent effect on the presence of women in the trade union institution, given that placing limits on union commitment remains difficult: female managers and professionals are better represented, but manual workers and employees are less well represented.