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In the context of the power relations that increasingly prevail and the mistrust that the Ukrainian crisis has exacerbated since 2014, the natural gas industry lies at the center of political tensions between the European Union and the Russian Federation. However, this deterioration in relations has its origins in endemic structural problems that existed before the 2014 gas crisis. The piping of Russian gas and the rising price of the gas delivered in Ukraine (two issues that are hard to separate), the application of new EU legislation, the system used by Gazprom to set different prices for natural gas, and the payment by Ukraine of what it owes for Russian gas have been hotly debated. Light is shed on these issues, which have set Russians, Europeans, and Ukrainians at odds. Different viewpoints are presented and compared by taking into account political, economic, geographic, and historical aspects so as to better understand the different stances adopted in the “natural gas dialog.”