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Although situated within the wider historiography of the Holocaust, the experiences of Jewish women who served in the Red Army during the Second World War remain insufficiently examined. Of the approximately 800,000 women mobilized into the Soviet armed forces, an estimated 20,000 were of Jewish origin. While the majority were assigned to logistical or administrative duties behind the front lines, a substantial number participated directly or indirectly in combat, serving as snipers, medics, radio operators, or tank drivers. German occupation forces, indoctrinated by racialized conceptions of “Slavic subhumans” and “Jewish Bolshevism,” applied these stereotypes indiscriminately to Soviet personnel, while additionally portraying female combatants as “Bolshevik rifle women” and denying them recognition as lawful soldiers. Upon capture, many were summarily executed as alleged partisans, particularly during the early phases of the conflict. This article analyzes the functions and motivations of Jewish women within the Red Army; the ways in which gender and Jewish identity shaped their treatment in German captivity; the factors influencing survival; and the divergences between their experiences and those of Jewish male soldiers and non-Jewish women. It further explores their strategies of endurance during imprisonment, the circumstances of liberation, and the challenges encountered in the post-war period.