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French environmental taxes are not truly ecologically oriented. Their main aim is to raise revenue. Clear signs of this misalignment can be seen in the large role played by energy taxes and in the low levels of most tax rates, which often only implicitly impact polluting goods. An ecological tax reform would involve a comprehensive green tax shift with tax rates proportionate to the marginal damage of the product. For such a reform to succeed and be accepted by taxpayers, it must have the right tax revenue redistribution mechanism, good informational and educational support, transparency, and, perhaps paradoxically, bold measures to put in place.