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The distinction between true and false changes involves a study of contemporary history that poses huge problems: the absence of chronological correspondence from one country to another, and particularly that of measurement tools and yardsticks with which to make useful comparisons in time or in space: even in the case where a comparative analysis in quantitative terms could provide significant results, the broader the field of analysis, the more difficult it becomes to obtain data. The elaboration of a matrix for the classification of administrative reforms and its application to various cases makes it possible to refine the analysis of change and to look more deeply into the notion of true and false changes.