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This paper takes up the results of the agency theory with the aim of bringing a new light and an analysis grid of the current running of the occupational accident and disease section of the Social Security in its mission toward prevention incentive. After calling up both organization and characteristics of the insurance against occupational risks, a first level of analysis highlights the presence of moral hazard in the relations between insurer and company as well as company and employee. A second level of analysis and the resort to models of complex relationship of agency, multitask model and third-party model, is made necessary to take into account the incidence on the prevention of the occupational accidents of a productivity wage as well as the presence of supervisors between the Law and the company.