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Reconciling facts with Plato’s philosophy : this is a maxim derived from Proclus’ Commentary on the first book of Euclid’s Elements, which was decisive for the construction of 16th century knowledge and, more precisely for the definition of the status of mathematics. During the 16th century, Euclid seemed to play the role of link between Platonism and Aristotelianism, not so much because of the scientific contents of his treatise, but rather because of the epistemological perspective that derived from it and that pointed to the only available way to gain access to knowledge of all realities, both ideal and sensible. The interpretation by Jacopo Mazzoni ( In universam Platonis et Aristotelis philosophiam praeludia, sive de comparatione Platonis et Aristotelis, 1597) and by Francesco Barozzi ( Opusculum, in quo una oratio, et duae quaestiones : Altera de certitudine, et altera de medietate mathematicarum continentur, 1560), to which this article is devoted, suggest two different perspectives that bring out the philosophical significance of Proclus’ mathematical neoplatonism.