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Based on the analysis of a protected buffer zone located in the Amazonian department of Madre de Dios (Peru), which has been experiencing a gold rush since the mid-2000s, this article explores the power relations between farmers and artisanal miners, by describing mining territorialization processes on agricultural lands, actor dynamics, as well as mechanisms of access to land and its resources. Taking a different point of view than previous analyses about the conflictual nature of their relations, the article highlights a distinct but equally significant phenomenon: the negotiated nature of Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASM) and the mutual arrangements between actors for access to and use of natural resources.