47

While, from a theoretical point of view, Geographical Indications (GIs) can be considered as club goods or common-pool resources (CPR), we argue that a key success factor is stakeholders considering them as territorial common-pool resources, through the implied coordination between actors and the articulation with territorial dynamics. However, building upon case studies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, we show the difficulty of establishing an appropriate management mode, given the multiplicity of objectives assigned to GIs, the possible disinterest of actors if the value-creation attached to the GI is considered uncertain, and a contrario given the possible appropriation by a small group if this value-creation is proven.