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Abu Dhabi, the most powerful state in the United Arab Emirates, has experienced strong economic and human development; meanwhile, the food supply of its largely urban and immigrant population has remained fragile. As the ruler from 1966 to 2004, Sheikh Zayed implemented a strategy of national production and import growth so as to earn loyalty from every stratum of a strongly hierarchical society. His successors transformed the supply system by inciting foreign direct investments (FDI) of Abu Dhabi-based companies in agricultural lands and by promoting new practices in the Abu Dhabi territory to meet social, environmental, and economical challenges. The results of this reformed system are underwhelming in terms of food security and sustainable development.