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The commercial isolation of Cuba over the past 50 years has led to the development of urban agriculture for the urban food supply. Through the study of public policies and the agricultural system in Havana, this work analyzes the strategy used to meet the population’s food needs in times of crisis. It appears that the development of urban agriculture has been fostered by the state’s commitment through a policy of land distribution and cooperativism. Consolidated by the agronomic innovation of the “organopónicos” and the opening of local markets, urban agriculture has been integrated into urban planning strategies in the form of a stabilized system. Nevertheless, this system is linked to the island’s political situation and remains vulnerable to crises. Due to a lack of sharing in decision-making processes, the system struggles with anticipating changes.