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This article analyzes the nexus between land and forced migration issues in Mauritania, in the light of recent developments in the agribusiness sector, which have come with new policies of land redistribution that were not necessarily based on ethnicity. In this context, I present the formation and emergence of a protest movement against attempts by the Mauritanian government, between 2011 and 2015, to grant tens of thousands of hectares of land concessions to Arab investors in the Senegal River regions. The analysis of this conflict, which involves, among others, repatriated populations, makes it possible to describe a whole chain of state and non-state actors, and stakeholders at different scales, which have allowed this local conflict to have a national scope.