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With the very short hindsight of around ten years of a process of the test-error type focused upon in our paper, namely territorial intelligence, we suggest as a theoretical framework the notion of territorial intelligence as the capacity for collective intelligence over a territory or as the result of a joint representation. We base our argument on the experience accumulated along a professional career, both in companies and in research, in France and abroad, along with a theoretical anchoring in several experiments, studies, applications of a practical nature, both current and future, going beyond the obsolete subdivision between theory and practice. We then describe the informative and organizational context of our contribution in a first part entitled “Devices and Organization,” with consequences stemming from the combination of digital technology and distance and the links to organizations in a context of contemporary economic competition. Second, we define and present territorial intelligence as a scientific field, including its constraints on observation, analyses and practices for the researcher-practitioner working in one of the social sciences. Third, we emphasize by illustrating it what makes sense in the field of territorial intelligence, namely the organized transfer of skills between the local actors. What nobody calls horizontal coordination should be called in our sense an adaptation, even a necessary change, because it is a vital behavior. We illustrate our viewpoint by drawing support from two applications associated with research.